Pre and Post-Development Concerns of High–Rise Housing Density Revisited

Abstract

The demand for high-rise housing in Malaysia continues to rise, driven by urbanisation and land
scarcity. While high-rise developments address spatial constraints, they present challenges related to
environmental sustainability, social dynamics, and urban quality of life. This study aims to analyse high-rise
housing density within the Malaysian context, focusing on pre-development and post-development stages and
evaluating the planning methodologies employed by local authorities. A qualitative research approach was
employed, integrating a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Thematic Analysis. Data mining techniques
using Keywords in Context (KWIC) identified critical themes, and qualitative analysis software (Atlas.ti.8) was
used to process 150 datasets, including journal articles, policy documents, and government reports. The research
refined these datasets through thematic coding into 30 core references that underpin the findings. The study reveals
significant inconsistencies in how density standards are applied, often resulting in environmental degradation,
social challenges, and infrastructure strain. While Malaysian planning authorities rely heavily on gross and net
density metrics, comparisons with international benchmarks, such as those in Singapore and Japan, highlight the
potential for integrating advanced digital tools and alternative density measures to enhance planning outcomes.
Future research should explore the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Building
Information Modelling (BIM) to improve density planning. Additionally, long-term studies on Transit-Oriented
Development (TOD) initiatives and strategies for retrofitting high-density developments to enhance liveability
and sustainability are recommended. This study advances understanding by offering a nuanced framework for
addressing high-rise housing density and its implications for sustainable urban growth.

Keywords: Density, housing, Malaysia, sustainability, urbanisation.